Merged of States
Introduction
3 June Plan ke tahat, 562 princely states ko yeh option diya gaya tha ki wo India ya Pakistan mein se kisi ek ke saath juden, ya phir apne aap ko independent rakhein. Lekin, Indian nationalists aur public ke ek bade hissa ko yeh dar tha ki agar yeh states apne faisle mein vilin nahi hote, toh logon aur ilakon ka division ho sakta tha. Is wajah se Congress aur kuch British officials ko laga ki Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel hi is kaam ke liye sabse behtar vyakti hain jo in princely states ko India se jod sakte hain.
Patel ne V.P. Menon, jo ek senior civil servant the aur partition ke dauran unhone unke saath kaafi kaam kiya tha, unhe apna right-hand banaya aur States Ministry ke chief secretary ke roop mein kaam karne ke liye kaha. 6 May 1947 ko, Patel ne princely states ke rulers ko persuade karna shuru kiya, taaki wo India ke saath baatchit karne ke liye taiyar ho sakein aur kisi bhi possible conflict ko avoid kar sakein. Patel ne yeh meetings social settings aur informal surroundings mein rakhi thi, jaise unhone rulers ko apne Delhi ke ghar lunch aur tea ke liye bulaya. In meetings mein, Patel ne yeh kaha ki Congress aur princely order ke beech koi inherent conflict nahi hai. Phir bhi, unhone yeh stressed kiya ki yeh rulers ko 15 August 1947 tak India ke saath apni accession confirm karni padegi.
Patel ne rulers ko India ki independence ke liye unki patriotism ko jagaya aur unhe yeh samjhaya ki unko apne logon ke future ke liye responsible rulers banna hoga. Unhone 565 states ke rulers ko yeh samjhaya ki independence ka idea impossible hai, especially jab unke apne subjects se opposition badh raha tha. Unhone merger ke liye kuch favorable terms bhi diye, jaise ki rulers ke descendants ke liye privy purses banaye jayenge. Patel ne rulers ko patriotism dikhane ke liye encourage kiya, lekin unhone yeh bhi kaha ki agar zarurat pade toh force ka istemal bhi kiya ja sakta hai, aur 15 August 1947 tak Instrument of Accession sign karne ka deadline rakha.
Jammu and Kashmir, Junagadh, aur Hyderabad hi wo states the jo India ke saath nahi jude, baaki sab states apne faisle se India ke union mein shamil ho gaye.
Question: Plan of 3 June ke tahat princely states ko kya options diye gaye the?
Answer:
Plan of 3 June ke tahat, 562 princely states ko teen options diye gaye the:
1. India ke saath join karna
2. Pakistan ke saath join karna
3. Independence choose karna
Indian nationalists aur public ko dar tha ki agar yeh states accede nahi karte, toh territory aur log fragmented ho jayenge aur national unity khatam ho jayegi.
Question: Patel ko princely states ke integration ke liye kyun best man mana gaya?
Answer:
Patel ko best man mana gaya kyunki unhone partition ke dauran bhi strong leadership dikhayi thi. Unka decisive approach aur pragmatic thinking unko is critical task ke liye ideal candidate banaata tha. Congress aur British officials dono ne unhe princely states ko India ke saath integrate karne ke liye sabse suitable samjha.
Question: Patel ne V.P. Menon ko apna right-hand kyun banaya?
Answer:
Patel ne V.P. Menon ko apna right-hand isliye banaya kyunki unka administrative experience aur partition ke waqt kaam karne ka experience tha. Unhone States Ministry ke chief secretary ke roop mein Patel ki madad ki, jo integration process ko smooth banane mein kaafi useful tha.
Question: Patel ne princes ko convince karne ke liye kya strategies apnayi?
Answer:
Patel ne 6 May 1947 se princely states ke rulers ko lobbying karna shuru kiya. Unhone social meetings aur informal gatherings ka use kiya, jaise ki unhone lunch aur tea ke liye rulers ko apne ghar bulaya. In meetings mein, unhone rulers ko yeh samjhaya ki Congress aur princely order ke beech koi conflict nahi hai. Unhone rulers ko 15 August 1947 tak accede karne ke liye motivate kiya.
Question: Patel ne princes ko accede karne ke liye kya persuade kiya?
Answer:
Patel ne patriotism ko invoke karte hue rulers se kaha ki wo apne nation ki freedom mein shamil ho aur apne logon ke future ke liye responsible rulers bane. Unhone yeh samjhaya ki independence unke liye impossible hai, aur agar wo India ke saath nahi judte, toh unke subjects ke opposition ka saamna karna padega. Unhone rulers ko yeh bhi bataya ki India ke saath judna unke aur unke logon ke future ke liye best option hai.
Question: Patel ne rulers ke liye kya favorable terms propose kiye?
Answer:
Patel ne rulers ke liye favorable terms propose kiye, jinmein sabse zaroori tha privy purses ka creation, jo rulers ke descendants ko diya jaata. Yeh unke liye ek financial security ka source banne wala tha. Iske alawa, unhone rulers ko patriotism dikhane aur apne logon ka dhyaan rakhte hue India ke saath judne ke liye persuade kiya.
Question: Patel ne rulers ko accede karne ke liye kya deadline di thi?
Answer:
Patel ne rulers ko 15 August 1947 tak Instrument of Accession sign karne ki deadline di thi. Unhone rulers se kaha tha ki wo apne decision ko good faith se le aur India ke saath judne ka faisla karein, warna force ka bhi istemal kiya ja sakta hai.
Question: Kitne princely states ne willingly India se merge kiya aur kaunse states ne nahi kiya?
Answer:
Sabhi states ne willingly India ke saath merge kiya, sirf 3 states ne accede nahi kiya:
1. Jammu and Kashmir
2. Junagadh
3. Hyderabad
In teen states ko India ke saath accede karne mein thoda samay laga aur unhone apna decision baad mein liya.
Integration of junagadh
Introduction
Junagadh ki situation thodi complex thi, kyunki ye Gujarat ke south-western end par situated tha aur iske paas Pakistan se directly border nahi tha, phir bhi Nawab of Junagadh ne Pakistan ke saath accede karne ka faisla liya. Ye decision Mountbatten ke views ke bilkul opposite tha, kyunki unhone ye bataya tha ki sirf un states ko Pakistan ke saath accede karna chahiye jo Pakistan ke saath border share karte hain. Nawab ka kehna tha ki Junagadh ko Pakistan se sea route ke zariye connect kiya jaa sakta hai.
Jab Nawab ne Pakistan ke saath accede kiya, toh Junagadh ke do aur states—Mangrol aur Babariawad—jinka Nawab ke upar control tha, unhone apne aap ko independent declare kiya aur India ke saath accede kiya. Iske baad, Nawab ne military action liya aur un dono states ko apne control mein le liya, lekin un states ke rulers ne India se madad maangi. India ko laga ki agar Junagadh ko Pakistan ke saath accede hone diya gaya, toh Gujarat mein communal tensions aur badh sakte hain, jise avoid karne ke liye India ne is accession ko accept karne se mana kar diya.
India ne ye point out kiya ki Junagadh mein 80% Hindu population thi aur isliye unhone ek plebiscite (logon ke opinion ka poll) karane ki demand ki, taaki ye decide ho sake ki Junagadh ko India ke saath jaana hai ya nahi. Saath hi, India ne Junagadh ko fuel aur coal supplies band kar diye, air aur postal links ko sever kar diya, aur apni army ko Junagadh ke border par bhej diya. Iske alawa, unhone Mangrol aur Babariawad ko apne control mein dubara le liya.
Pakistan ne India ke proposal ko accept kiya aur plebiscite karne par raza di, lekin India ke troops ko wahan se hataane ka condition diya, jise India ne reject kar diya. 26 October ko Nawab aur unki family ne Pakistan ki taraf bhag kar wahan ka rukh kiya, jiske baad Junagadh ki court ne India se request ki ki wo state ke administration ko apne control mein le le. 7 November ko India ne Junagadh ko apne control mein le liya.
February 1948 mein plebiscite conduct kiya gaya, jisme Junagadh ki majority ne India ke saath accession ko support kiya, aur is tarah Junagadh ka officially India mein integration ho gaya.
Question: Junagadh ke integration mein kya problem thi?
Answer:
Junagadh ka case thoda complex tha kyunki Nawab of Junagadh ne Pakistan ke saath accede karne ka decision liya, jabki Junagadh ka Pakistan se koi land border nahi tha, aur yeh geographically India ke paas tha. Nawab ne yeh argue kiya ki Junagadh aur Pakistan ka direct zameeni connection (land route) nahi hone ke bawajood, samundar ke raaste (sea route) se dono jodhe ja sakte hain.
Nawab ka maanna tha ki:
1. Pakistan tak ship aur samundar ke zariye asani se pahucha ja sakta hai.
2. Isliye unhone Pakistan ke saath milne ka decision liya, chahe Junagadh aur Pakistan ka koi shared border nahi tha. Mountbatten aur Bharat ki sarkar ne is faisle ka virodh kiya.
Question: Mountbatten ne states ke accession ke liye kya guidelines di thi?
Answer:
Mountbatten ne yeh clear kiya tha ki geographical compulsions ko dhyan mein rakhte hue, woh states jo Pakistan ke saath border share karte hain unhi ko Pakistan ke saath accede karna chahiye. Baaki states ko India ke saath accede karna chahiye, kyunki woh India ke andar geographically fit karte the. Iske baawajood, Junagadh ne Pakistan ko choose kiya.
Question: Junagadh ke Nawab ka response kya tha aur doosre states ka reaction kaise tha?
Answer:
Junagadh ke Nawab ne Junagadh, Mangrol aur Babariawad ko Pakistan ke saath accede karne ke liye forcefully occupy kiya. Is par Mangrol aur Babariawad ke rulers ne apna independence declare kar diya aur India ke saath accede kar liya. Yeh dekhkar Junagadh ke neighboring states ko kaafi gussa aaya aur unhone apni troops Junagadh ke border par bheji. Unhone Government of India se madad mangi, aur situation tense ho gayi.
Question: Junagadh ke integration mein India ka response kya tha?
Answer:
India ne Junagadh ke forced occupation ko nahi maanah aur military intervention kiya. Junagadh ke situation ko handle karne ke liye India ne troops bheje aur Junagadh ko India ke saath accede karne par force lagayi. Aakhirkar, Junagadh ko India ke saath accede karne par majboor kar diya gaya.
Question: Junagadh ke logon ne apna government-in-exile kyun banaya?
Answer:
Junagadh ke ruler, Nawab, ne apni state ko Pakistan ke saath jodne ka faisla kiya, lekin Junagadh ke kai log is faisle se khush nahi the. In logon mein se ek the Samaldas Gandhi, jo chaahte the ki Junagadh India ke saath jode.
Samaldas Gandhi aur unke supporters ne Aarzi Hukumat naam ki ek nayi government banayi. "Aarzi Hukumat" ka matlab hota hai "temporary government" unka aim yeh tha ki Junagadh India ke saath jod sake, na ki Pakistan ke saath.
Unhone yeh dikhaya ki Junagadh ke log Pakistan ke saath nahi jaana chahte. Yeh unka protest tha Nawab ke faisle ke khilaaf.
Question: India ne Junagadh ke accession ko kyun accept nahi kiya?
Answer:
India ne Junagadh ke accession ko Pakistan ke saath accept nahi kiya kyunki Junagadh ki population ka 80% Hindu thi. India ka maanna tha ki agar Junagadh ko Pakistan ke saath accede karne diya gaya, to Gujarat mein communal tension aur zyada badh jayegi. Isliye India ne plebiscite (vote) karne ki demand ki taaki logon ki opinion jane ja sake.
Question: India ne Junagadh ko Pakistan se accede karne se rokne ke liye kya steps liye?
Answer:
India ne Junagadh ko Pakistan ke saath accede karne se rokne ke liye kuch harsh measures liye. Unhone:
• Junagadh ko fuel aur coal ki supply band kar di,
• air aur postal links ko sever kar diya,
• Indian troops ko Junagadh ke border pe bheja,
• Mangrol aur Babariawad ko India ke under reoccupy kiya.
Question: Pakistan ne Junagadh ke accession ke liye kya condition rakhi thi aur India ka response kya tha?
Answer:
Junagadh ek princely state tha, jiska ruler Nawab tha. Nawab ne Pakistan ke saath accede karne ka faisla kiya, lekin yeh baat galat thi kyunki Junagadh ki 80% population Hindu thi. India ka kehna tha ki agar Junagadh ko Pakistan ke saath accede karne diya gaya, to Gujarat mein aur zyada communal tension ho sakti thi. Isliye, India ne kaha ki logon ka opinion jaana zaroori hai, aur plebiscite (vote) karna chahiye, jisme Junagadh ke log decide kar sake ki wo kis ke saath accede karna chahte hain – India ke saath ya Pakistan ke saath.
India ka aim tha ki logon ki iccha ke hisaab se faisla ho, aur unki madad se yeh decision liya jaaye.
Question: Junagadh ka Nawab kya action liya tha aur India ka response kya tha?
Answer:
26 October 1947 ko, Junagadh ke Nawab aur unki family ne Pakistan bhag jana shuru kiya, jab unhone Indian army ke saath ladaai ki. Iska matlab yeh tha ki Junagadh ka Nawab Pakistan ke saath accuse karne ki koshish kar raha tha, par India isse manzoor nahi kar raha tha.
7 November 1947 ko, Junagadh ka court (jo wahan ke rulers ka group tha) ne India se request ki ki wo Junagadh ki sarkar ka control le lein kyunki unki apni sarkar girne wali thi aur situation bahut khatarnak ho gayi thi.
India ne is request ko maan liya aur Junagadh ka control apne haath mein le liya.
Is tarah, Junagadh officially India ka hissa ban gaya aur Pakistan ka plan fail ho gaya.
Question: Junagadh ke accession par final decision kya hua?
Answer:
February 1948 mein, plebiscite kiya gaya, jisme almost unanimous vote India ke saath accession ke liye gaya. Isse sabit ho gaya ki Junagadh ke logon ka India ke saath judne ka man tha.
Integration of Kashmir
Introduction
Is paragraph mein Kashmir ka issue explain kiya gaya hai jo India aur Pakistan ke beech ka ek significant conflict tha.
Maharaja Hari Singh jo Kashmir ke ruler the, unka decision Kashmir ke future ko lekar kaafi complicated tha. Unka decision kaafi important tha kyunki Kashmir ek Muslim majority state tha, lekin ruler Hindu the. Maharaja ne initially dono countries, India aur Pakistan, se alag rahne ki sochi thi, lekin unko yeh bhi dikh gaya tha ki agar unhone kisi ek ke saath bhi merge hone ka faisla kiya, toh doosre side se unko strong opposition face karna padega.
Unhone Pakistan ke saath Standstill Agreement sign kiya, lekin India ke saath bhi yeh agreement sign karne ki baat ki thi, lekin unhone Kashmir ko independent rakhne ki soch rakhi thi. Isi dauran, Sheikh Abdullah, jo Kashmir ke popular leader the aur National Conference ke head the, unhone Maharaja ke rule ke khilaf awaaz uthai aur unka abdication (retirement) demand kiya.
Pakistan ne Kashmir ke accession ko force karne ke liye supply aur transport links India ke saath cut kar diye. Partition ke baad, Punjab mein jo chaos tha, usse bhi Kashmir ke transport links India ke saath sever ho gaye the. Is situation ka faida uthate hue, Pathan tribesmen jo Pakistan ke North-West Frontier Province se aaye the, unhone Kashmir mein entry ki aur Srinagar ki taraf tezi se badhne lage. Maharaja ne is situation ko dekhte hue India se military help maangi.
India ne Instrument of Accession sign karne ki condition rakhi, jisme unhone Sheikh Abdullah ko interim government ka head banane ka proposal diya. Maharaja ne yeh accept kiya, lekin Jawaharlal Nehru ne yeh condition rakhi ki accession ko plebiscite ke through confirm kiya jayega, jabki legally plebiscite ki koi requirement nahi thi. Indian troops ne Kashmir mein Jammu, Srinagar aur valley ko secure kiya lekin winter season ke aane se fighting slow ho gayi.
Prime Minister Nehru ne international attention ko dekhte hue ceasefire declare kiya aur UN ke intervention ki appeal ki, kyunki tribal incursions ko rokne mein Pakistan ne fail kar diya tha. Plebiscite kabhi nahi hua aur 26 January 1950 ko Indian Constitution Kashmir mein implement kiya gaya, lekin special provisions ke saath.
Kashmir ke kuch parts, particularly northern aur western areas, Pakistan ke control mein chalay gaye 1947 mein. 1962 mein Sino-Indian War ke dauran China ne Aksai Chin ko occupy kar liya, jo ab bhi China ke control mein hai.
Question: Kashmir ka problem kyun bana tha?
Answer:
Kashmir ka problem is liye bana kyunki Maharaja Hari Singh jo Hindu the, Kashmir ko independent rakhna chahte the, jabki Kashmir ki population Muslim majority thi. Unhone India aur Pakistan dono se accession ka option reject kiya tha. Isse dono countries ke beech Kashmir ko le kar tension badh gayi thi.
Question: Maharaja Hari Singh ne kis tarah ka decision liya tha?
Answer:
Maharaja Hari Singh ne Pakistan ke saath Standstill Agreement sign kiya tha aur India ke saath bhi aisa agreement propose kiya tha. Lekin unhone independence ka decision bhi diya, yaani Kashmir ko na India ke saath aur na Pakistan ke saath accede karne ka faisla liya tha.
Question: Kashmir ke andar Sheikh Abdullah ka role kya tha?
Answer:
Sheikh Abdullah, jo Kashmir ke sabse bade political party National Conference ke leader the, unhone Maharaja Hari Singh ke rule ke khilaaf opposition start kiya. Unhone Maharaja se abdication (isteefa dena) ki maang ki thi.
Question: Pakistan ne Kashmir ke accession ke liye kya kiya?
Answer:
Pakistan ne Kashmir ko apne saath accede karne ke liye supplies aur transport links ko cut off kar diya tha. Yeh Pakistan ka pressure tha taaki Kashmir ko India ke saath accede karne se roka ja sake.
Question: Partition ke time Punjab ka effect Kashmir par kya tha?
Answer:
Partition ke chaos ke kaaran, Punjab se Kashmir ki transport links bhi sever ho gayi thi, aur Kashmir ka India aur Pakistan se sirf air link bach gaya tha. Yeh Kashmir ke liye mushkil kaafi badha raha tha.
Question: Poonch mein kya hua tha jo Kashmir mein unrest ka kaaran bana?
Answer:
Poonch mein Maharaja ki forces ke dwara Muslim population ke khilaf atrocities ke rumours ne Kashmir mein civil unrest ko trigger kiya. Is unrest ke baad, Pathan tribesmen jo Pakistan ke North-West Frontier Province se the, Kashmir border cross karke Kashmir mein ghus gaye the.
Question: Pathan tribesmen ne Kashmir mein kya kiya?
Answer:
Pathan tribesmen ne Kashmir ki taraf rapid progress ki aur Srinagar ki taraf badhne lage. Unhone Kashmir mein invasion kiya tha, jiski wajah se Kashmir ke Maharaja ne India se military assistance maangi thi.
Question: Kashmir ko India ke saath accede karne ke liye kya conditions thi?
Answer:
Kashmir ko India ke saath accede karne ke liye Maharaja Hari Singh ne Instrument of Accession sign kiya aur Sheikh Abdullah ko interim government ka head bana diya. Nehru ne plebiscite ki baat ki, lekin legal requirement nahi thi.
Question: First Kashmir War ke dauran kya hua?
Answer:
First Kashmir War ke dauran, Indian troops ne Jammu, Srinagar aur Kashmir ki valley ko secure kiya, lekin winter ke aane ke baad fighting kam ho gayi kyunki bohot saari jagah impassable ho gayi thi.
Question: Nehru ne Kashmir dispute ke international attention ko dekh kar kya action liya?
Answer:
Nehru ne ceasefire declare kiya aur UN arbitration ki maang ki, yeh kaha ki agar Pakistan ne tribal incursions ko rokne ka effort na kiya, toh India ko Pakistan ke against war karna padega.
Question: Plebiscite kyu nahi hua aur Kashmir ke case mein kya hua?
Answer:
Kashmir mein plebiscite kabhi nahi hua. 26 January 1950 ko Indian Constitution Kashmir mein special provisions ke saath lagu kiya gaya. Lekin India ko Kashmir ke tamam areas par administrative control nahi mila. Northern aur western Kashmir ka area Pakistan ke control mein aagaya tha.
Question: 1962 Sino-Indian War ke dauran Kashmir mein kya changes aaye?
Answer:
1962 Sino-Indian War ke dauran, China ne Aksai Chin ko occupy kar liya tha, jo Kashmir ka ek hissa tha.
Integration of Hyderabad
Introduction
Sardar Patel ne Hyderabad crisis ko effectively handle kiya, jo states integration mein unka sabse bada role tha. Hyderabad ek landlocked state tha, jiska area 82,000 square miles tha aur yeh South-East India mein tha. Is state ka 17 million population tha, jismein se 87% log Hindu the, lekin iska ruler Nizam Osman Ali Khan Muslim tha, aur politics bhi Muslim elite ke haath mein thi. Nizam aur uske supporters, jaise Ittehad-ul-Muslimeen party, chahte the ki Hyderabad independent rahe aur India ya Pakistan mein se kisi ke saath na judne ki koshish karte the.
June 1947 mein Nizam ne firman issue kiya tha, jismein unhone kaha ki transfer of power ke baad Hyderabad apni independence ko resume karega. 1948 mein situation aur badh gayi jab Razakars, jo Ittehad-ul-Muslimeen se jude hue the, ne Hindu communities ko intimidate karna shuru kiya. Hyderabad State Congress Party ne bhi political agitation shuru ki thi aur Communist groups ne Congress ke khilaf stand liya.
Mountbatten ke attempts ke baad bhi solution nahi nikla, aur August 1948 mein, Nizam ne UN aur International Court of Justice ko approach kiya. Lekin India ne yeh argue kiya ki agar Hyderabad ko independent rehne diya gaya, toh India ke government ka prestige khatam ho jayega aur logon ko security ka issue ho sakta tha. Toh 13 September ko Operation Polo ke tahat Indian Army ne Hyderabad ko military action ke through control kar liya. Indian Army ne 13-18 September ke beech Hyderabad ko pura capture kar liya aur Nizam ko head of state ke roop mein rakha gaya.
Nizam ne baad mein apni complaints UN ke saamne wapas le li aur Hyderabad ko India mein integrate kar diya gaya. Pakistan aur kuch aur countries ki protests ke baad bhi Security Council ne aur koi action nahi liya aur Hyderabad ko India mein absorb kar liya gaya.
Question: Hyderabad crisis mein Sardar Patel ka kya role tha?
Answer:
Sardar Patel ka sabse bada role Hyderabad crisis ko handle karne mein tha. Hyderabad ek landlocked state tha jiska area 82,000 square miles tha, aur wahan ke logon mein 87% Hindu the. Lekin ruler, Nizam Osman Ali Khan, ek Muslim the. Nizam ne June 1947 mein firman jaari kiya tha ki Hyderabad apni independence ko continue karega. Yeh situation 1948 tak badh gayi, jab Razakars naam ka militia Muslim ruling class ko support karne lage aur Hindu logon ke khilaaf violence badh gayi.
Question: Razakars kis tarah se Hyderabad mein issues ko badha rahe the?
Answer:
Razakars, jo Ittehad-ul-Muslimeen party ke supporters the, Muslim elite ko support kar rahe the aur Hindu logon ke uprise ko intimidate kar rahe the. Yeh group villages ko dhoomil kar raha tha aur violence ko badhane ki koshish kar raha tha.
Question: Hyderabad ke case mein Sardar Patel ne kya action liya?
Answer:
Sardar Patel ne military intervention ka faisla liya aur Operation Polo ke under Indian Army ne Hyderabad ko India ka hissa bana diya. Yeh operation 13 September 1948 ko shuru hua aur kuch dinon mein Hyderabad ko India mein merge kar liya gaya.
Question: Hyderabad mein political agitation kisne shuru ki thi aur iske baad kya hota hai?
Answer:
Hyderabad State Congress Party, jo Indian National Congress se judi thi, ne political agitation shuru ki thi. Iske baad, communist groups ne apni taraf se Congress ke khilaaf attacks karna shuru kar diya. Mountbatten ke attempts to negotiate bhi fail ho gaye, aur Nizam ne UN Security Council aur International Court of Justice ko approach kiya, yeh kehkar ki unhe imminent invasion ka dar hai.
Question: India ne Hyderabad ke independence ko kyun accept nahi kiya?
Answer:
India ne kaha ki agar Hyderabad ko independence milti hai, toh India ka prestige khatam ho jayega. Isse na toh Hindu aur na hi Muslim log apne aap ko secure feel karenge. Isliye, Hyderabad ko India ke sath merge karna zaroori tha.
Question: Operation Polo kya tha aur iska kya impact tha?
Answer:
Operation Polo ko 13 September 1948 ko Indian Army ne Hyderabad mein send kiya tha. Indian Army ne law and order ko restore karne ke liye Hyderabad ko India mein include karne ka plan banaya. Indian troops ko minimal resistance mila aur 13 se 18 September ke beech Hyderabad ko puri tarah se India mein absorb kar liya gaya. Nizam ko head of state ke roop mein retain kiya gaya, jaise baaki princely states ke rulers ko rakha gaya tha.
Question: Hyderabad ke case mein Pakistan aur dusre deshon ka kya reaction tha?
Answer:
Pakistan aur kuch dusre deshon ne India ke is action par strong criticism ki. Pakistan ne vehement protests kiye, lekin UN Security Council ne iss issue par aage nahi badhaya, aur Hyderabad ko India mein absorb kar liya gaya.
Other states
Question: Sardar Patel ne states ke accession ke liye kaise kaam kiya?
Answer:
Sardar Patel ne states ke accession ke liye apne kaam ko magic-stick ki tarah kiya. Wo jaldi se states jaise Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Punjab ko India mein merge karne mein safal ho gaye. Unhone samjha ki logon ki ahemiyat sabse zyada hai aur agar unhein popular government ke liye organize kiya, toh woh successful ho sakte hain. Unke paas able workers aur supporters the, jo unhone record time mein merger ko achieve karne mein madad ki.
Question: Sardar Patel ko states ke rulers ke saath kaise deal karna padta tha?
Answer:
Sardar ko har ek ruler ke saath alag-alag approach apnani padti thi. Har ruler ka attitude alag tha, isliye unhone caution, human, social, political, aur psychological approaches ka use karke rulers ko terms aur conditions par accession ke liye mana kiya. Unka ye diverse approach kaafi successful raha, jisse wo states ko India ke saath merge karne mein kaamyaab hue.
Question: Sardar Patel ne states ko accede karne ke liye kya important steps liye?
Answer:
Sardar Patel ne sabse pehle states ke logon ko organize kiya, jisse unka support mil sake. Unhone rulers ko terms aur conditions bataye jo Government of India ne set ki thi aur unhe pressure banaya ki woh accession ke liye sign karein. Unhone har ruler ke saath unke nature ke mutabik alag-alag approaches apply ki, jo unhe success dilayi.
Bharat ki azadi se pehle, Bharat mein 562 princely states the, jinmein se kuchh mukhya states ke naam yeh hain:
*Rajasthan*
1. Jaipur
2. Jodhpur
3. Udaipur
4. Bikaner
5. Kota
6. Bundi
7. Alwar
8. Bharatpur
9. Dholpur
10. Karauli
*Gujarat*
1. Baroda
2. Junagadh
3. Bhavnagar
4. Nawanagar
5. Rajkot
6. Cutch
7. Palanpur
8. Idar
9. Balasinor
10. Lunawada
*Maharashtra*
1. Kolhapur
2. Sangli
3. Satara
4. Akkalkot
5. Aundh
6. Bhor
7. Jamkhandi
8. Kurundwad
9. Miraj
10. Phaltan
*Karnataka*
1. Mysore
2. Hyderabad
3. Travancore
4. Cochin
5. Bangalore
6. Kollegal
7. Kolar
8. Kadapa
9. Bellary
10. Sandur
*Madhya Pradesh*
1. Gwalior
2. Indore
3. Bhopal
4. Rewa
5. Datia
6. Orchha
7. Chhatarpur
8. Panna
9. Alirajpur
10. Jhabua
*Uttar Pradesh*
1. Oudh
2. Rampur
3. Tonk
4. Shahjahanpur
5. Pilibhit
6. Farrukhabad
7. Banda
8. Kalpi
9. Charkhari
10. Bijnaur
*Bihar*
1. Darbhanga
2. Bettiah
3. Hathwa
4. Dumraon
5. Rajnagar
6. Tekari
7. Sheohar
8. Majhaulia
9. Banaili
10. Chandauli
*Punjab*
1. Patiala
2. Nabha
3. Malerkotla
4. Jind
5. Kapurthala
6. Faridkot
7. Nalagarh
8. Kalsia
9. Loharu
10. Dujana
*Andhra Pradesh*
1. Hyderabad
2. Travancore
3. Cochin
4. Banganapalle
5. Pithapuram
6. Venkatagiri
7. Chittoor
8. Kadapa
9. Kurnool
10. Nellore
*Tamil Nadu*
1. Travancore
2. Cochin
3. Pudukkottai
4. Ramnad
5. Sivaganga
6. Thanjavur
7. Tirunelveli
8. Tuticorin
9. Madurai
10. Salem
*Kerala*
1. Travancore
2. Cochin
3. Calicut
4. Cannanore
5. Walluvanad
6. Palakkad
7. Idukki
8. Kottayam
9. Alleppey
10. Quilon
*Odisha*
1. Mayurbhanj
2. Keonjhar
3. Bonai
4. Gangpur
5. Bamra
6. Rairakhol
7. Sonepur
8. Kalahandi
9. Patna
10. Baudh
*Assam*
1. Manipur
2. Tripura
3. Cooch Behar
4. Khasi
5. Jaintia
6. Garo
7. Naga Hills
8. Lakhimpur
9. Darrang
10. Nowgong
Yeh list adhuri hai, kyunki Bharat mein 562 princely states the.
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