Public Facilities ⭐

Water and the People of Chennai textbook 

Chennai ke alag-alag areas mein water supply ki condition ko explain karta hai aur batata hai ki kaise kuch areas mein log paani ki kami ke kaaran mushkilein jhelte hain jabki kuch areas mein paani ki suvidha aasani se uplabdh hai.

1. Anna Nagar:

Anna Nagar ek hara-bhara area hai, jahan lawns aur gardens ko rozana paani diya jata hai. Yahan logon ke paas din ke aksar hisson mein tap water ki supply hoti hai. Agar kabhi paani ki kami ho, toh yahan ke residents municipal water board ke senior official se baat karke apne ghar ke liye water tanker ka arrangement kara sakte hain.

2. Mylapore:

Mylapore mein paani ki shortage hai aur sirf do din mein ek baar municipal water milta hai. Yahan kuch logon ne private borewell lagwaya hai jo unki kuch zarooraton ko pura karta hai, lekin ye borewell ka paani thoda khara hai, jo toilets aur washing ke kaam aata hai. Drinking aur dusre zaroori kaamon ke liye log tankers se paani khareedte hain, jo har mahine 500-600 rupaye tak ka kharcha ban jata hai.

3. Madipakkam:

Madipakkam mein logon ko chaar din mein ek baar paani milta hai, aur peene ke paani ke liye bottled water khareedna padta hai, kyunki dusra available paani peene layak nahi hai.

4. Saidapet Slum:

Saidapet ke slum area mein kuch hutments ke paas na toh bathroom hai aur na hi apna tap connection. Wahan ke 30 hutments ke liye ek common tap hai, jo din mein do baar, sirf 20 minute ke liye paani deta hai. Ek family ko bas 3 buckets paani bharne ka moka milta hai, jo washing aur drinking dono ke liye istemal hota hai. Garmi ke mahine mein yeh paani ka flow aur kam ho jata hai aur tankers ke liye intezaar karna padta hai.

Water as Part of the Fundamental Right to Life textbook 

1. Pani: Zindagi Ke Liye Zaroori

Pani hamare jeevan ka ek ahem hissa hai. Humari sehat aur roz ki zaruraton ko poora karne ke liye safe drinking water ki zaroorat hoti hai. Yeh humein healthy rakhta hai aur hamare sharir ki basic needs ko poora karta hai.

2. Pani se Judi Bimariyon se Bachav

Saaf aur surakshit paani humein kai bimariyon se bachata hai. Bharat mein har din 1600 se zyada log paani se judi bimariyon ke kaaran apni jaan kho dete hain, jismein aksar chhote bachche bhi hote hain. Diarrhoea, dysentery, aur cholera jaise diseases ko rokne mein safe drinking water madadgar hota hai.

3. Safe Drinking Water Ka Adhikaar

Hamare Samvidhan ke Article 21 mein Right to Life ka concept diya gaya hai, jiska matlab hai ki har vyakti ko jeevan ke basic needs aur suvidhaen milni chahiye . Right to Life ke under ek aur zaroori adhikaar aata hai, jo hai Right to Water, yaani ki saaf paani ka adhikaar.

Yeh adhikaar isliye bhi important hai taaki sabhi log swasth aur surakshit jeevan jee saken.

4. Universal Access to Water

Safe drinking water sirf kuch logon ka haq nahi hona chahiye, balki yeh har Bharatiya ka adhikaar hai. Har vyakti ko apni zarurat ke liye saaf paani milna chahiye bina kisi beedbhav ke.

5. High Court aur Supreme Court ka Faisla 

High Courts aur Supreme Court ne safe drinking water ko Fundamental Right mana hai. 

Example : 

2007 mein, Andhra Pradesh ke ek gaon ke aadmi ne Mahbubnagar zila ke paani ki contamination ke baare mein ek patra likha. Us gaon wale ki shikayat thi ki ek textile company apne zehrile chemicals ko uske gaon ke paas ek nadi mein gira rahi thi, jisse ground water contaminate ho raha tha. Yeh contaminated paani irrigation aur drinking water ka srot tha.

High Court ke judges ne Mahbubnagar zila ke collector ko order diya ki har vyakti ko gaon mein 25 litre paani uplabdh karaya jaye. Is faisle ne yeh darshaya ki safe drinking water har Bharatiya ka adhikaar hai.   

Public Facilities textbook 

• Bijli, public transport, schools, aur colleges, jo jeevan ke liye zaroori hain, unhein public facilities kaha jata hai. 

• Sarkar ki jimmedari hai ki ve in suvidhaon ko har vyakti tak pahunchayein, bina kisi bhedbhav ke. Sarkar ko yeh sunishchit karna chahiye ki:

Government role 

Sarkar ki jimmedari hai ki wo public facilities har vyakti tak pahunchayein. Ismein shamil hai:

• schools aur colleges ka sthapan karna. 

• Swasthya aur swachhata ki suvidhaon ko sudharna. Yeh samaj ke swasthya ko behtar karne mein madad karta hai.Khadyan ka Samaantar Vitaran

• Desh ke har kona tak khadya ka samaantar vitaran sunischit karna, taaki kisi bhi vyakti ko bhookh se nahi guzarana pade.

• Transport Suvidhaon ka Sudhar

• Post offices, railways aur sadkon jaise public utility works ka maintenance karna.

Private Companies ka Role

Private companies aam taur par munafa kamane ke liye kaam karti hain. Lekin, aksar public facilities mein koi munafa nahi hota, isliye private companies aise kaamon mein ruchi nahi rakhengi. Lekin kuch public facilities, jaise schools aur hospitals, mein private companies ki ruchi ho sakti hai kyunki yeh unke liye munafa kamaane ka mauka ho sakta hai.

Paani ki Private Supply  

Kuch shehron mein, private companies tankers ke zariye paani pradan karti hain ya sealed bottles mein drinking water supply karti hain. Lekin yeh aksar affordable rates par nahi hota. Iska matlab hai ki jo log achhi zindagi jeene ke liye zaroori suvidhayein nahi afford kar sakte, unhe yeh suvidhayein nahi milti.

Overall 

Article 21 mein Right to Life ka concept ke tahat har vyakti ko jeevan ke basic needs aur suvidhaen milni chahiye or ye  facilities provide karne ki jimmedari sirf sarkar ki honi chahiye, taaki sabhi logon ko in suvidhaon ka labh mil sake.

Water Supply to Chennai: Is it Available to All?

Chennai Mein Paani Ki Kami

Chennai mein paani ki supply mein bahut kami hai. Municipal wale jitna paani logon ko chahiye, uska sirf aadha hissa unhein deta hai.

• Paani Ki Supply Mein Bhed

Kuch areas mein paani zyada regular milta hai, Lekin kuch colonies paani kam milta hai. Iska asar sabse zyada garib logon par padta hai.

• Garib Logon Ki Muskil

Jab paani ki kami hoti hai, tab garib logon ko zyada pareshani hoti hai. jab paani ki kami hoti hai tabh, tab Middle class ke log jaise borewell khodna, tankers se paani kharidna, aur bottled water ka istemal karna.

• Surakshit Paani Ka Adhikaar

safe drinking water sirf kuch logon ko hi milta hai, aur yeh unki arthik sthiti par depend karta hai. Ameer log safe drinking ke liye water bottled aur water purifiers ka istemal karte hai. Or garib log jo isse afford nahi kar sakte hain, unke paas safe drinking nahi hai. Paani pe sabka haq hona chahiye, na ki sirf ameer logon ka.

In Search of Alternatives

India ke shahron mein ek vyakti ko rozana lagbhag 135 litres paani milna chahiye, jo Urban Water Commission dwara set kiya gaya hai (lagbhag saat balti). Lekin, jahan slums mein logon ko rozana sirf 20 litres (ek balti) paani milta hai, wahi luxury hotels mein rehne wale log 1,600 litres (80 balti) paani ka istemal karte hain. Yeh asamanta samajik aur aarthik bhedbhav ko darshata hai.

• Sarkar Ki Nakaami

Municipal water ki kami ko sarkar ki nakaami ka sanket mana jaata hai. Kuch log maante hain ki sarkar paani ki itni supply nahi kar paa rahi kyunki municipal water departments nuksan mein hain, isliye private companies ko inhe sambhalne diya jaana chahiye. Unka kehna hai ki private companies is kaam ko behtar tarike se kar sakengi.

Consider the following facts : 

1. Pani Ki Supply Ka Zimmedaari Sarkar Ki :

Duniya bhar mein paani ki supply ka kaam sarkar ka hota hai. Private water supply ke bahut hi kam udaharan hain. Isliye, yeh zaroori hai ki sarkar paani ki supply ko sambhalne mein apna bhumika achhe se nibhaye, taaki sabko suvidha mile.

2. Universal Access Ka Udaaharan :

Kuch jagahon par public water supply ne universal access hasil kiya hai, jahan sabhi logon ko paani milta hai. 

3. Private Companies Ki Badhoti Ke Nateeje :

Jahan kuch jagah paani ki supply ki zimmedari private companies ko di gayi hai, jis wajah se kai logon ke liye paani kharidna mushkil ho gaya. Is wajah se kai shehron mein bade protests hue, jaise ki Bolivia mein, jahan logon ne sarkar se demand ki ki paani ki supply dobara sarkari haathon mein di jaye.

4. Bharat Mein Sarkari Paani Vibhag Ki Safalta : 

Bharat ke kuch sthal par sarkari paani vibhag ne achhi safalta dekhi hai, lekin yeh sirf kuch khaas jagahon tak simit hai.

- Mumbai Ki Baat: Mumbai ka paani supply department itna paisa kama leta hai ki yeh apne kharchon ko cover kar sakta hai. Matlab, yahan logon se liya gaya paani ka daam utna hota hai ki unka kharcha nikal aata hai.

- Hyderabad Mein Sudhar: Hyderabad mein, paani supply department ne zyada logon tak paani pohanchane aur paise collect karne mein sudhar kiya hai.

- Chennai Ki Yojanayen :

• Paani Ikattha Karna: Chennai ke paani vibhag ne baarish ka paani ikattha karne ki yojanayen banayi hain. Isse ground water (zameen ke neeche ka paani) ka level badhta hai.

• Private Companies Ka Sahyog: Chennai ne paani ke supply ke liye kuch private companies ki bhi madad li hai. Lekin, sarkar hi decide karti hai ki tankers se paani bechne ka daam kya hoga. Isliye, in companies ko ‘on contract’ kaha jata hai.

- Supply Ki Kami: Lekin, aaj bhi paani ki kami hai aur distribute karne mein dikkat hai. Bade shehron ke muqabale chhote shehron aur gaon mein paani ki facilities kam hain. Bharat ka constitution inhe Right to Life ka hissa mana hai. Yeh sabko milna chahiye.